Polymer durability and radiation effects edited by matthew c. The title deals with chemical changes that took place when polymers are exposed to radiation, and how these changes affect the physical properties of the polymers. First is the direct action and the second is a delayed action as in the postirradiation effects observed during storage. Effects of gamma ray and neutron radiation on polyanilne. Effects of gamma irradiation at different doses up to 5 kgy on polyethylene terephthalate pet polymer films have been investigated by xray diffraction xrd, fourier transform infrared ftir spectroscopy, and ultravioletvisible uvvis spectroscopy.
Division of polymer chemistry, american chemical society. Fundamental investigation of ultrav iolet radiation effects in polymeric fizm forming materials by c. Chain branching and crosslinking are the predominant effects for polymers having relatively unhindered main chains, according to the scheme shown in. Properties of polymers after radiation crosslinking. Radiation effects on polymeric materials american chemical society. The main environmental parameters influencing the degradation of polymeric materials is daylight combined with the effects of temperature, moisture and oxygen. Polymers free fulltext effect of ionizing radiation on the.
Low earth orbital atomic oxygen and ultraviolet radiation effects on polymers joyce a. Zettlemoyer center for surface and coatings research, bethlehem, pennsylvania 18015 received december 15, 1982. Based on crosslinking ofpolyethylene and other polymers pvc, pvdf, rubbers, acrylates, etc. A comparative study of radiation effects in medicalgrade. Stability and stabilization of polymers under irradiation.
This book provides an introduction of how radiation is processed in polymeric. Radiation effects on polymers roger lee clough, shalaby. The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation ranges from radio waves, with a longer wavelength, through normal day light, with its short wavelength uv. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on polymer surfaces. Because of that, materials which belong to group of standard polymers can be used in applications, which would be in term of temperature stability intended only to constructive thermoplastic polymers. Polymers used in the biomedical sector can be exposed to ionizing radiation xray, gamma in vivo as implants or ex vivo. Radiation effects on the structure and properties of poly vinylidene fluoride and its ferroelectric copolymers. It covers synthesis, characterization, or modification of important materials, e. Additives such as stabilizers, antioxidants in polymers can reduce the effects of irradiation on mechanical properties or physical appearance nonyellowing. The degradation of polymers due to postirradiation effects results from the reactions of residual radicals with oxygen in the air 8. Polymers used to package food intended for irradiation must receive relevant approvals. Irradiation under vacuum when polymers are irradiated under vacuum or in presence of an inert gas, their molecular modi. Changes in mechanical properties due to gamma irradiation 261 brazilian journal of chemical engineering vol. Structural and optical investigations of radiation damage.
Pdf effects of gamma radiation on polymer in solution. The objective of sterilization is to prevent the introduction into the body of pathogenic organisms. Request pdf ionizing radiation effects in polymers compared to other materials such as steels or ceramics, polymers are quite sensitive to. Low earth orbital atomic oxygen and ultraviolet radiation. The dimensional stability, strength, chemical resistance and wear of polymers can be improved by irradiation. N2 radiation effects on polymeric insulators have been studied actively in japan by several universities and by national research institutes such as the japan atomic energy research institute jaeri, as well as by several manufacturing companies. Technical whitepaper sterilization of plastics introduction the rising use of plastics in medical devices means that the capability of being sterilized is rapidly becoming a key selection criterion for any plastic to be used in a medical device. The scope of more applied uses of irradiation involving polymers ranged from discussions of the curing of materials for dental applications, to the effects on.
Radiation resistant plastics depending on the application, plastics can come into contact with different types of radiation, which under certain circumstances can have radiation effects on polymers. Controlling of degradation effects in radiation processing of polymers. The effects of ionizing radiation on natural and synthetic. To better understand the effect of these groups on gas. Polymer materials selection for radiationsterilized products.
Temperature effects on radiation induced phenomena in polymers. Space radiation resistant transparent polymeric materials. Modern approaches to polymer materials protecting from. With a basic understanding of the effects of radiation on polymers, reference data available from polymer manufacturers and other sources, and a thorough understanding of the products manufacturing process and intended use, wise choices of radiationtolerant materials can be made for the majority of medical product applications. Collection of the latest trends in polymer durability and radiation effects. The presence of different chemical groups in methylene containing polymers can lead to very different behaviors under ionizing radiation. Effects of ionizing radiation gamma, eb, xray, particles on polymers. Compared to other materials such as steels or ceramics, polymers are quite sensitive to radiations, from uv to gammarays, and to particles beams electrons, ions. Radiation effects in polymeric materials springerlink.
Overview of effects and protection of nonionizing radiation. Several high technology industries require specialty polymers that exhibit a specific response upon exposure to radiation. Weathering is particularly severe for polymers because it combines the photophysical and. Characterization of the effects of soft xray irradiation.
The ionizing radiation effects and radiationinduced synthesis of polymers are very dynamic disciplines. Drobny introduces readers to the science of ionizing radiation and its effects on polymers, and explores the technologies available and their current and emerging applications. Polytetrafluoroethylene is crosslinked just above the melting temperature. The effects of radiation on polymer materials is an area of rapidly increasing interest. Ionizing radiation effects in polymers request pdf. The information generated from this search was utilized. Pdf radiation processing of polymers for medical and. The resulting book is a valuable guide for a wide range of plastics engineers employing ionizing radiation for polymer treatment in a range of sectors including. Advances in radiation chemistry of polymers publications iaea.
Several high technology industries require specialty polymers that exhibit a. The present paper is a brief overview of aspects of the damaging effects of radiation on nuclear plant components manufactured from organic polymers. From xrd analysis, it was found that even at a high dose of gamma irradiation of 5 kgy, crystallinity of the pet samples remain. Since the beginning of radiation processing of polymers almost half a century ago, radiation crosslinking technologies have been extensively developed. Sun of the chanchun institute of applied chemistry, china, has made a series of important advances in demonstrating new approaches to improving radiation resistant properties of polymers. Dever national aeronautics and space administration lewis research center cleveland, ohio 445 abstract because atomic oxygen and solar ultraviolet radiation present in the low earth orbital leo environment can alter the chemistry of polymers resulting in. Include films, sheets, tapes, tubes and shaped products basis ofthe technology, the memoryeffect crosslinking in the amorphous regions and none in the crystalline regions heatshrinkproducts a uniqueness of radiation treatment. Since the beginning of radiation processing of polymers almost half a century ago, radiation crosslinking technologies have been extensively developed for. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on polymer surfaces k. The effect of radiation on polymers can be seen in two ways. As the polymer industry evolved, considerable effort was made to understand the degradation processes of high polymers during weathering and ways were found to inhibit or at least retard their chemical modification and loss of their physical and mechanical properties. Radiation resistant polymers for deep space applications. I controlling the radiation degradation process of some naturally occurring polymers.
This technical publication compiles the most important results and achievements of the participating centers and laboratories during the course. Radiation processing of polymers pdf radiationinduced degradation of natural polymers is a promising application of ionizing radiation to develop natural bioactive agents. Ionizing radiation effects in polymers request pdf researchgate. Spectral ranges and health effects of optical radiation spectral range wavelength range ocular effects skin effects uvc 100 280 nm photokeratitis erythema uvb 280 315 nm photokeratitis erythema skin cancers uva 315 400 nm photochemical cataract skin cancers visible 400 770 nm retinal injury ira 770 nm 1. The aging of natural and artificial polymeric materials is a natural phenomenon in metals, glass, minerals and other inorganic materials. Atomic radiation and polymers examines the effects of radiation on polymer materials. Some of them need the addition of a crosslinking agent.
It has also been used extensively to study radiation effects on polymers partridge, 1972, partridge, 1982, charlesby and partridge, 1965 fleming and hagekyriakou, 1984. This technical publication compiles the most important results and achievements of the participating centers and laboratories during the course of the said crp. In general, the radiation chemistry and damage of polymers can take several forms, such as loss of crystallinity, loss of mass, or chemical modi. Radiation effects onpolymeric systems polyethylene. Sahare and others 1992 observed a correlation between tsl intensity and the draw ratio of gammairradiated coextruded peek fibers. Controlling of degradation effects in radiation processing of polymers, covering the years 20032006.
Pdf w links471k add to acs chemworx sponsored access fundamental studies of polymer radiation effects. Ionizing radiation of polymers causes chain branching, crosslinking or scissioning degradation. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. It publishes standard research papers in almost all thrust areas of current chemistry of academic and commercial importance.
These act as the main parameters of stress for outdoor weathering. Thus, this special issue will present uptodate and pioneering works on the interactions of various highenergy charged particles, such as electrons, positrons, alpha particles, proton, heavy ions, neutron, and highenergy photons gamma and xrays with synthetic and biopolymers. Radiation effects on polymers acs symposium series acs. American chemical society, 1991 polymers 633 pages. The potentiometric titration method is used to observe a conformational change in the polyacrylic acid chain during the neutralization of different syndiotactic acrylic acid. Research laboratory, general electric company, schenectady, n. Effect of ionizing radiation on the chemical structure and the physical properties of. Radiation effects on polymers acs symposium series, no. Polymer durability and radiation effects matthew c. Here is the most extensive resource on polymer radiation effects to be available in more than a decade. Controlling of degradation effects in radiation processing. For all samples, the degree of recovery of the surface hydrophilicity is reduced, pointing out to the stability of the surface properties achieved by treatment. For example, a complete chapter is dedicated to the characterization of biodegradable polymers irradiated with low and heavy ions. The effects of exposure to highenergy radiation can produce both transient and permanent changes in plastic materials.